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Coining (mint)
In minting, coining or coinage is the process of manufacturing coins using a kind of stamping which is now generically known in metalworking as "coining". This process is different from cast coinage, and can be classified in hammered coinage or hammering and milled coinage or milling.
A coin die is one of the two metallic pieces that are used to strike one side of a coin. A die contains an inverse version of the image to be struck on the coin.
Modern dies made out of hardened steel are capable of producing many hundreds of thousands of coins before they are retired and defaced.
== Ancient coin dies ==
Prior to the modern era, coin dies were manufactured individually by hand by artisans known as engravers. In demanding times, such as the crisis of the Roman Empire in the 3rd century, dies were still used even when they became very worn or even when they cracked. The die that was on the hammer side, usually the reverse (back),〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Experiments in Ancient Roman Coin Minting )〕 tended to wear out first.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=The Production of Ancient Coins )〕 The flans were usually hot prior to striking.〔 On some Roman provincial coins, some believe the tongs used to move the heated flan left permanent center indentations on the finished coins. Others attribute these marks to surfacing tools used as a part of flan preparation.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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